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What is the ruling regarding the repayment of a deceased person’s debt if he has no heirs?

Inheritance,Inheritance,What is the ruling regarding the repayment of a deceased person’s debt if he has no heirs?

Fatwa No :
89382
| Date :
2025-12-01
معاملات / ترکات / احکام وراثت

What is the ruling regarding the repayment of a deceased person’s debt if he has no heirs?

1: What do the respected Muftis say regarding this issue: if a person has taken a loan from someone and that lender passes away, then to whom should the debt be repaid? (If there are relatives), meaning the close relatives of the deceased.
2: And if a person who has passed away has no one before or after him, and no relatives can be found, then how should his debt be repaid? That is, in the case where the creditor is a stranger and cannot be located.

الجوابُ حامِدا ًو مُصلیِّا ً

It should be understood that if the creditor passes away, it becomes obligatory upon the debtor to pay the debt to the heirs of the deceased. However, if the debtor has no knowledge of the heirs of the deceased, or it is not possible to ascertain them, or if the heirs do not exist, then in such a case, the debt amount must be deposited into the Public Treasury (Baitul mal). If a proper system of the Public Treasury is not available, then the amount should be spent for the benefit of the poor and needy. Therefore, it is obligatory upon the debtor to ensure that the debt of the deceased reaches the rightful heirs or a person appointed by them. But if the deceased had no heirs and did not leave any executor (wasi), the debt should be deposited into the Public Treasury, or, in the absence of such a system, the amount should be spent on the poor with the intention of charity (Sadaqah) on behalf of the deceased.

مأخَذُ الفَتوی

کما فی الدر المختار: ورابعھما الضوائع مثل مالا یکون أناس وارثونا فمصرف الاولین أتی بنص وثالثھا حواہ مقاتلونا ورابعھا فمصرفہ جھات تساوی النفع فیھا المسلمونا الخ
وفی الشامیۃ تحت : موافق لما نقلہ ابن الضیاء فی شرح الغزنویۃ عن البزدوی من أنہ یصرف الی المرضی والزمنی واللقیط وعمارۃ القناطر والرباطات والثغور المساجد وما أشبہ ذالک ولٰکنہ مخالف لما فی الھدایۃ والزیلعی أفادہ الشرنبلالی أی فإن الذی فی الھدایۃ وعامۃ الکتب أن الذی یصرف فی مصالح المسلمین ھو الثالث کما مر واما الرابع فمصرفہ المشھور ھو اللقیط الفقیر والفقراء الذین لا اولیاء لھم فیعطی منہ الخ (باب العشر، ج2، ص 338، ط: سعید)۔
وفی الدر ایضاً: ( لأن الترکۃ فی الإصطلاح ما ترکہ المیت من الأموال صافیا عن تعلق حق الغیر بعین من الأموال الخ ( ج: 6، ص 758، ط: سعید )۔
و فی الھندیۃ: و یستحق الإرث باحدی خصال ثلاث بالنسب وھو القرابۃ و السسب وھو الزوجیۃ و الولاء وھو علی ضربین ولاء عتاقۃ و ولاء موالاۃ و فی کل منھما یرث الأعلی من الأسفل ولا یرث الأسفل من الأعلی الخ ( کتاب الفرائض الباب الأول فی تعریفھا ، ج: 6، ص: 448، ط: ماجدیۃ)۔
وفیھا ایضاً: والمستحقون للترکۃ عشرۃ اصناف مرتبۃ کذا فی الاختیار شرح المختار فیبدأ بذی الفرض ثم بالعصبۃ النسبیۃ ثم بالعصبۃ السببیۃ وھو مولی العتاقۃ ثم عصبۃ مولی العتاقۃ ثم الرد علی ذوی الفروض النسبیۃ بقدر حقوقھم ثم ذوی الارحام ثم مولی الموالاۃ ثم المقر لہ بالنسب علی الغیر بحیث لم یثبت نسبہ باقرارہ من ذالک الغیر اذا مات المقر مصرا علی اقرارہ کما لو اقر باخ او باخت وما اشبہ ذالک ثم موصی لہ بجمیع المال ثم بیت المال کذا فی الکافی الخ (کتاب الفرائض، ج6، ص447، ط: ماجدیۃ)۔

And Allah knows best
انعام اللہ حمد عُفی عنه
دار الافتاء جامعه بنوریه عالمیه

Fatwa No 89382 Verify Now
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