What do the esteemed scholars say regarding the following issue that I own a residential plot measuring 240 square yards, consisting of four rooms. I wish to gift this plot to my children during my lifetime. I have five sons and three daughters. Can I gift this entire plot to all of them jointly and equally, or not?
The action mentioned by the questioner is permissible and valid. The better method is that, after keeping a portion for his own residential needs, he should divide the remaining property equally among all his children, both sons and daughters and formally hand over ownership and possession of each share to them. This will ensure that, according to Islamic law, each child is recognized as the rightful owner of their share.
However, if the person wishes to give a slightly larger share to a particular son or daughter due to their need, service, piety, or similar reasons, there is room for that as well. But in such a case too, granting full ownership and possession is a necessary condition.
ففی الدر المختار: و) شرائط صحتها (في الموهوب أن يكون مقبوضا غير مشاع مميزا غير مشغول) كما سيتضح. (5/ 688)۔
و في البحر الرائق: قوله ( في محوز مقسوم ومشاع لا يقسم ) أي تجوز الهبة فيما ذكر
قيد بالمحوز لأن المتصل كالثمرة على الشجر لا تجوز هبته وقيد المشاع بما لم يقسم لأن هبة المشاع الذي تمكن قسمته لا يصح اھ (7/ 286)۔
و في ه أیضا: ويشترط في صحة هبة المشاع الذي لا يحتملها أن يكون قدرا معلوما حتى لو وهب نصيبه من عبد ولم يعلمه به لم يجز لأنها جهالة توجب المنازعة(7/ 286)۔