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The Issue of Property Distribution During Lifetime

Inheritance,Inheritance,The Issue of Property Distribution During Lifetime

Fatwa No :
83026
| Date :
0000-00-00
معاملات / ترکات / احکام وراثت

The Issue of Property Distribution During Lifetime

What do the honorable scholars and respected muftis say regarding the following matter: I wish to distribute my property among my wife and children during my lifetime. How much share should each of them receive? Kindly explain this in accordance with Islamic Shari‘ah.

الجوابُ حامِدا ًو مُصلیِّا ً

It should be clearly understood that every person, during their healthy lifetime and before reaching a terminal illness, is the sole owner of their wealth and property, and they have full right to use or distribute it as they wish. They are not required to divide it during their lifetime, and no son or daughter has the right to demand a share in it while the parent is alive. However, if someone wants to distribute their wealth and property among their children willingly, without any pressure, then according to Islamic law, this is allowed. This is not considered inheritance but is called a gift (hibah). The recommended way to do this is to first keep aside a reasonable amount for their own remaining life, then give their wife whatever they wish, and then divide the rest equally among all their children—sons and daughters—and hand over full possession of each share to each child. This will make the gift valid and complete according to Islamic law. Just writing names on paper is not enough. It is better to keep all children equal in this distribution because they are all one’s children. However, if any child is more religious, needy, or serves the parent more, then it is allowed to give that child a bit more than the others. But without a valid reason, no child should be left out of the distribution, as this would be sinful. If someone distributes their property just to deprive a particular child, then this act will be sinful and must be avoided.

مأخَذُ الفَتوی

کما في الدر المختار: (و) شرائط صحتها (في الموهوب أن يكون مقبوضا غير مشاع مميزا غير مشغول) كما سيتضح. (وركنها) هو (الإيجاب والقبول) (5/ 688)۔
و في حاشية ابن عابدين: (قوله: هو الإيجاب) و في خزانة الفتاوى: إذا دفع لابنه مالا فتصرف فيه الابن يكون للأب إلا إذا دلت دلالة التمليك بيري. (5/ 688)۔
و في الفقه الإسلامي وأدلته للزحيلي: لا خلاف بين جمهور العلماء في استحباب التسوية في العطاء بين الأولاد، وكراهة التفضيل بينهم في حال الصحة كما تقدم (5/ 4012)۔
و في حاشية ابن عابدين: ولو وهب شيئا لأولاده في الصحة، وأراد تفضيل البعض على البعض روي عن أبي حنيفة لا بأس به إذا كان التفضيل لزيادة فضل في الدين وإن كانوا سواء يكره وروى المعلى عن أبي يوسف أنه لا بأس به إذا لم يقصد الإضرار وإلا سوى بينهم وعليه الفتوى (4/ 444)۔
و في الدر المختار: في الخانية لا بأس بتفضيل بعض الأولاد في المحبة لأنها عمل القلب، وكذا في العطايا إن لم يقصد به الإضرار، وإن قصده فسوى بينهم يعطي البنت كالابن عند الثاني وعليه الفتوى (5/ 696)۔
و في الدر المختار؛ (وتتم) الهبة (بالقبض) الكامل (ولو الموهوب شاغلا لملك الواهب لا مشغولا به) (5/ 690)۔

And Allah knows best
محمد یوسف ابراہیم عُفی عنه
دار الافتاء جامعه بنوریه عالمیه

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