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The Issue of Property Distribution During One's Lifetime

Inheritance,Inheritance,The Issue of Property Distribution During One's Lifetime

Fatwa No :
83032
| Date :
0000-00-00
معاملات / ترکات / احکام وراثت

The Issue of Property Distribution During One's Lifetime

Respected Mufti Sahib, Assalamu Alaikum!
My question is that we are four brothers and one sister, and our parents are still living together. However, my father now wishes to distribute his property among the brothers and sister during his lifetime. So my questions are: What percentage or share should be given to the brothers and sister? And what share will the parents have in this? Secondly, what is my sister’s share in my father’s property and business? Will her share be given only from the property, from the business, or from both?

الجوابُ حامِدا ًو مُصلیِّا ً

It should be clearly understood that every person is the sole owner of their wealth and property during their lifetime, as long as they are in good health and not in a terminal illness. They have the right to manage and distribute it as they wish. If someone wishes to distribute their wealth and property among their heirs during their lifetime voluntarily, without any pressure or coercion, while in this is considered a gift (hiba) in Islamic law. In such a case, equality among children is preferable. Therefore, if the questioner wants to distribute his property among his children, the best approach is for him to retain a sufficient amount for his remaining life based on a reasonable estimate, and then distribute the remaining wealth and property equally among his children, ensuring that each child takes full legal and physical possession of their respective share. This would make the gift valid and complete according to Shari‘ah. Merely naming someone in documents is not sufficient. However, if any son or daughter has been particularly dutiful or is in greater need, it is also permissible to give them more than the others.

مأخَذُ الفَتوی

کمافي خلاصة الفتاویٰ: ولو اعطی بعض ولده شیئا دون البعض لزیادة رشده لا بأس به وإن کانا سواء لا ینبغی أن یفضل اھ (۴/ ۴۰۰)۔
و في الفتاوى الهندية: ولو وهب رجل شيئا لأولاده في الصحة وأراد تفضيل البعض على البعض في ذلك لا رواية لهذا في الأصل عن أصحابنا وروي عن أبي حنيفة رحمه الله تعالى أنه لا بأس به إذا كان التفضيل لزيادة فضل له في الدين وإن كانا سواء يكره اھ (4/ 391)۔
و في الفقه الإسلامي وأدلته للزحيلي: لا خلاف بين جمهور العلماء في استحباب التسوية في العطاء بين الأولاد، وكراهة التفضيل بينهم في حال الصحة كما تقدم (5/ 4012)۔
و في حاشية ابن عابدين: ولو وهب شيئا لأولاده في الصحة، وأراد تفضيل البعض على البعض روي عن أبي حنيفة لا بأس به إذا كان التفضيل لزيادة فضل في الدين وإن كانوا سواء يكره وروى المعلى عن أبي يوسف أنه لا بأس به إذا لم يقصد الإضرار وإلا سوى بينهم وعليه الفتوى (4/ 444)۔
و في الدر المختار: في الخانية لا بأس بتفضيل بعض الأولاد في المحبة لأنها عمل القلب، وكذا في العطايا إن لم يقصد به الإضرار، وإن قصده فسوى بينهم يعطي البنت كالابن عند الثاني وعليه الفتوى (5/ 696)۔
و في الدر المختار؛ (وتتم) الهبة (بالقبض) الكامل (ولو الموهوب شاغلا لملك الواهب لا مشغولا به) (5/ 690)۔

And Allah knows best
عزیز الحق سیف عُفی عنه
دار الافتاء جامعه بنوریه عالمیه

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