My respected mother passed away, by the will of Allah, on October 31st. Kindly guide us, in light of the Qur’an and Hadith, on how her inheritance should be distributed among her heirs. The following are her surviving children: four sons are alive; one son passed away in 1998, had no children, and his widow has remarried—his inheritance had already been distributed. There are also three daughters who are married. Mother’s husband (my father) passed away in 2011, and his inheritance has already been distributed. My mother left behind some cash, jewelry, a plot of land, clothing, and other household items. Kindly explain how all of this should be distributed.
According to the principles of Islamic inheritance, the estate of the questioner's deceased mother will be distributed among her mentioned heirs in the following manner: At the time of her death, whatever movable and immovable property the deceased owned—such as gold, silver, jewelry, cash, and all types of household items—must first be used to: Pay for her burial and funeral expenses at a moderate and reasonable level. Then settle any outstanding debts she may have had. Then fulfill any valid will she may have made, up to one-third (1/3) of the remaining estate. After fulfilling the above, whatever remains will be divided into eleven (11) equal shares. Each son will receive two (2) shares, and each daughter will receive one (1) share.