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Ruling on Suspending Divorce Upon Someone's Murder

Laws of Divorce,Conditional Divorce,Ruling on Suspending Divorce Upon Someone's Murder

Fatwa No :
84047
| Date :
0000-00-00
معاملات / احکام طلاق / طلاق معلقہ

Ruling on Suspending Divorce Upon Someone's Murder

What do the honorable Muftis say regarding the following issue: A man told his brother regarding his daughter's marriage proposal that, "If you marry this girl to such-and-such person, I will not visit your house and your grave; and if I do, then my wife will be divorced with three conditions." He also said about the boy, "If he is not killed, then my wife is divorced." Now, the girl has been engaged to that same boy, but the engagement was not done by her father; rather, the girl appointed her uncle as her guardian (wali) who finalized the engagement with that boy. The father says that the uncle who arranged the marriage had asked him beforehand whether he should proceed with the proposal, to which he gave no reply — neither yes nor no. Please guide us on the following: If the brother now visits their house, what is the ruling on divorce? What is the ruling on the statement regarding the boy’s murder? What is the Sharīʿah solution to restore relations and allow visiting that household?
Secondly, if the brother whose daughter is in question gifts his house to one of his children, then what would be the ruling on entering that house in such a case? Wassalam.
Note: Upon contacting the questioner by phone, it was understood that his objection was specifically to the arrangement of the mentioned marriage — an objection which still remains.

الجوابُ حامِدا ًو مُصلیِّا ً

In the mentioned case, when the questioner told his brother not to arrange his daughter’s marriage with a certain boy (Abdul Umar), and said: “If you marry your daughter to (Abdul Umar), then I will neither come to your house nor visit your grave; and if I do, then my wife will be divorced with three divorces,” this constitutes a suspension of three divorces upon a condition. However, since the issuance of divorce was conditional upon the brother arranging the marriage, and if in reality the girl had herself appointed her uncle as her agent (wakil) to finalize the marriage with the boy — and when the father was consulted, he neither consented nor objected, and instead remained entirely silent — then this marriage arrangement cannot be attributed to the brother. Therefore, even if the marriage was finalized, the condition upon which the divorces were suspended has not been fulfilled. As such, the suspended divorces will not take effect, and the questioner may visit his brother’s house or his grave (if deceased) without any divorce occurring in Shari‘ah.
However, regarding the second statement mentioned in the question — “If he is not killed, then my wife is divorced” — if this was stated unconditionally and not specifically linked to the brother arranging the marriage, then even though this statement does not currently result in any divorce for the questioner’s wife, the ruling depends on future circumstances. As long as both the questioner and the mentioned boy remain alive, no divorce will take effect. However, if the boy dies a natural death, or the questioner himself passes away, or even if he remains alive but becomes so ill or weak that he no longer has the ability to carry out the act of killing, then in such a case, one revocable divorce (talaq-e-rajʿi) will take effect upon the questioner’s wife. If the husband (questioner) is still alive, he will have the right to revoke the divorce (perform rujuʿ) during the waiting period (ʿiddah). If rujuʿ is done within this period, the marriage will remain intact, but the husband will only have two divorces remaining in the future.

مأخَذُ الفَتوی

کمافی رد تحتہ: فظهر أن مرادنا بانصراف الكلام إلى العرف إذا لم تكن له نية وإن كان له نية شيء واللفظ يحتمله انعقد اليمين باعتبارہ اھ وتبعه في البحر وغيره ۔۔۔ مبحث مهم في تحقيق قولهم: الأيمان مبنية على الألفاظ لا على الأغراض الخ،(قوله الأيمان مبنية على الألفاظ إلخ) أي الألفاظ العرفية بقرينة ما قبله واحترز به عن القول ببنائها على عرف اللغة أو عرف القرآن ففي حلفه لا يركب دابة ولا يجلس على وتد، لا يحنث بركوبه إنسانا وجلوسه على جبل وإن كان الأول في عرف اللغة دابة، والثاني في القرآن وتدا كما سيأتي وقوله: لا على الأغراض أي المقاصد والنيات، احترز به عن القول ببنائها على النية. فصار الحاصل أن المعتبر إنما هو اللفظ العرفي المسمى، وأما غرض الحالف فإن كان مدلول اللفظ المسمى اعتبر وإن كان زائدا على اللفظ فلا يعتبر، ولهذا قال في تلخيص الجامع الكبير وبالعرف يخص ولا يزاد حتى خص الرأس بما يكبس ولم يرد الملك في تعليق طلاق الأجنبية بالدخول اهـ ومعناه أن اللفظ إذا كان عاما يجوز الخ فالغرض العرفي يخصص عمومه، فإذا أطلق ينصرف إلى المتعارف، بخلاف الخارجة عن اللفظ كما لو قال لأجنبية إن دخلت الدار فأنت طالق، فإنه يلغو ولا تصح إرادة الملك أي إن دخلت وأنت في نكاحي وإن كان هو المتعارف لأن ذلك غير مذكور، ودلالة العرف لا تأثير لها في جعل غير الملفوظ ملفوظا.إذا علمت ذلك فاعلم أنه إذا حلف لا يشتري لإنسان شيئا بفلس فاللفظ المسمى وهو الفلس معناه في اللغة والعرف واحد، وهو القطعة من النحاس المضروبة المعلومة فهو اسم خاص معلوم لا يصدق على الدرهم أو الدينار فإذا اشترى له شيئا بدرهم لا يحنث وإن كان الغرض عرفا أن لا يشتري أيضا بدرهم ولا غيره ولكن ذلك زائد على اللفظ المسمى غير داخل في مدلوله فلا تصح إرادته بلفظ الفلس، وكذا لو حلف لا يخرج من الباب، فخرج من السطح لا يحنث، وإن كان الغرض عرفا القرار في الدار وعدم الخروج من السطح أو الطاق أو غيرهما، ولكن ذلك غير المسمى ولا يحنث بالغرض بلا مسمى، اھ(۷۴۳/۳)۔
وفی الدر المختار:ولو حلف لا يزوج عبده أو أمته يحنث بالتوكيل والإجازة لأن ذلك مضاف إليه متوقف على إذنه لملكه وولايته وكذا الحكم في ابنه وبنته الصغيرين لولايته عليهما ولو كانا كبيرين لا يحنث إلا بالمباشرة لعدم ولايته عليهما بل هو كالأجنبي عنهما فيتعلق بحقيقة الفعل وهو مباشرته العقد (3/815)۔

And Allah knows best
حماد منظور عُفی عنه
دار الافتاء جامعه بنوریه عالمیه

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