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Ruling on Buying a Vehicle for Someone and Sharing in Its Income

Financial Transactions,Company and speculation,Ruling on Buying a Vehicle for Someone and Sharing in Its Income

Fatwa No :
90413
| Date :
2025-12-31
معاملات / مالی معاوضات / شرکت و مضاربت

Ruling on Buying a Vehicle for Someone and Sharing in Its Income

An amount of 4 million has been invested in a vehicle. Both the first party and the second party will share equally in whatever outcome occurs at the end of each month, whether profit or loss. The agreement is for one year. During this period, neither the first party can demand the amount, nor is the second party obliged to pay it. After one year, the full principal amount will be returned.
Note: One person has purchased a vehicle and handed it over to another person, who will operate it as a driver. Whatever profit or loss results from this arrangement will be shared equally between them.

الجوابُ حامِدا ًو مُصلیِّا ً

It should be clarified that giving one’s vehicle to another person to operate in return for compensation is, in Shariah, an ijarah (lease/hiring contract). For an ijarah to be valid, it is a necessary condition that the wage (remuneration) be fixed and clearly known. Therefore, in the scenario in question, making the driver an equal partner in profit and loss in return for driving the vehicle renders the ijarah invalid (fasid), due to the wage being uncertain and because half of the loss is being imposed on the driver for merely operating the vehicle. Hence, it is necessary and obligatory for both parties to terminate (cancel) this arrangement.
However, this transaction can be made permissible by adopting the following alternative: the entire profit and loss should belong solely to the owner of the vehicle, and a fixed daily or monthly wage should be stipulated for the driver. In this case, the ijarah will be Shariah-compliant and valid.

مأخَذُ الفَتوی

کما فی الدر المختار : (تفسد الإجارة بالشروط المخالفة لمقتضى العقد فكل ما أفسد البيع) مما مر (يفسدها) كجهالة مأجور أو أجرة أو مدة أو عمل، وكشرط طعام عبد وعلف دابة ومرمة الدار أو مغارمها وعشر أو خراج أو مؤنة رد، أشباه. الخ
وفی رد المحتار : تحت : (قوله ومرمة الدار أو مغارمها) قال في البحر: وفي الخلاصة معزياً إلى الأصل: لو استأجر داراً على أن يعمرها ويعطي نوائبها تفسد؛ لأنه شرط مخالف لمقتضى العقد اهـ. فعلم بهذا أن ما يقع في زماننا من إجارة أرض الوقف بأجرة معلومة على أن المغارم وكلفة الكاشف على المستأجر أو على أن الجرف على المستأجر فاسد كما لايخفى اهـ. أقول: وهو الواقع في زماننا، ولكن تارةً يكتب في الحجة بصريح الشرط فيقول الكاتب: على أن ما ينوب المأجور من النوائب ونحوها كالدك وكري الأنهار على المستأجر، وتارةً يقول: وتوافقا على أن ما ينوب إلخ. والظاهر أن الكل مفسد؛ لأنه معروف بينهم وإن لم يذكر، والمعروف كالمشروط، تأمل. اھ (كتاب الإجارة، ج: 6، ص: 46، ط: سعيد)۔
وفی الھندیۃ : وأما شرائط الصحة فكثيرة....منها أن يكون رأس المال دراهم أو دنانير عند أبي حنيفة وأبي يوسف رحمهما الله تعالى وعند محمد رحمه الله تعالى أو فلوسا رائجة حتى إذا كان رأس مال المضاربة ما سوى الدراهم والدنانير والفلوس الرائجة لم تجز المضاربة إجماعا.... ولا تجوز بالذهب والفضة إذا لم تكن مضروبة في رواية الأصل. (كتاب المضاربة، الباب الاول في تفسيرها وشرائطها، وركنها، ج: 4، ص: 286، ط: ماجدیۃ)ـ

And Allah knows best
سرتاج خان ملی عُفی عنه
دار الافتاء جامعه بنوریه عالمیه

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