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Laborer Giving Discount to a Customer Without Owner's Permission

Financial Transactions,Buying and Selling, Laborer Giving Discount to a Customer Without Owner's Permission

Fatwa No :
84756
| Date :
0000-00-00
معاملات / مالی معاوضات / خرید و فروخت

Laborer Giving Discount to a Customer Without Owner's Permission

What do the esteemed scholars say regarding the following issues: Can an employee or laborer give a discount to a customer without the permission of the shop owner, or is this impermissible? Secondly in the case of an accident where the victim is at fault, will the person who caused the death still be liable to offer expiation (kaffarah) or not? It is mentioned in Buhuth fi Qadaya Fiqhiyyah that there is no liability (daman) in such a case. So, if there is no financial liability, does that also mean that the killer is exempt from offering kaffarah? Jazakum Allahu Khayran! (May Allah reward you with goodness).

الجوابُ حامِدا ًو مُصلیِّا ً

It should be clear that, according to Islamic law, a laborer (employee) is considered an "Ajir Khass" (a private/hired worker). Therefore, if the owner has explicitly or implicitly authorized the worker to sell items at a certain price, then the worker may sell the goods at that price — with slight variation — even if it's slightly higher or lower than the market rate. However, if the worker sells the goods at a price lower than what the owner authorized, resulting in a loss to the owner, then the worker will be held liable for that loss.
Yes, if in an accident the deceased was at fault, then in such a case nothing is obligatory upon the one who caused the death — neither expiation (kaffarah) nor financial liability (daman) is required.

مأخَذُ الفَتوی

كما في الدر المختار: فصل لا يعقد وكيل البيع والشراء والإجارة والصرف والسلم ونحوها (مع من ترد شهادته له) للتهمة وجوزاه بمثل القيمة (إلا من عبده ومكاتبه إلا إذا أطلق له الموكل) كبع ممن شئت (فيجوز بيعه لهم بمثل القيمة) اتفاقا (كما يجوز عقده معهم بأكثر من القيمة) اتفاقا: أي بيعه لا شراؤه بأكثر منها اتفاقا، كما لو باع بأقل منها بغبن فاحش لا يجوز اتفاقا، وكذا بيسير عنده (5/ 521)۔
و في بحوث في قضايا فقهية معاصرة: إذا ساق إنسان سيارة في شارع عام ملتزما السرعة المقررة، ومتبعا خط السير حسب النظام، ومتبصرا في سوقه حسب قواعد المرور، فقفز رجل أمامه فجأة، فصدمته السيارة (الى قوله) ان الرجل الذي بحوث في قضايا فقهية معاصرة أن الرجل الذي قفز أمام السيارة إن قفز بقرب منها بحيث لا يمكن للسيارة في سيرها المعتاد في مثل ذلك المكان أن تتوقف بالفرملة، وكان قفزه فجأة لا يتوقع مسبقا لدى سائق متبصر محتاط، فإن هلاكه أو ضرره في مثل هذه الصورة لا ينسب إلى سائق السيارة، ولا يقال: إنه باشر الإتلاف، فلا يضمن السائق، ويصير القافز مسببا لهلاك نفسه، وذلك لوجوه: أولا: لو قلنا بضمان السائق في هذه الصورة، لزم منه أنه لو عزم رجل على قتل نفسه، فقفز أمام سيارة أو قطار بقصد إهلاك نفسه، فإن السائق يضمنه، وهذا مخالف للبداهة (ص: 316، 317) والله اعلم بالصواب

And Allah knows best
Darulifta Jamia Binoria Aalamia

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